Англи хэлний цагууд - Tenses in English

Англи хэлний бүх 26 цаг 4 туслах үгийн тусламжтайгаар үүсдэг:

to BE (байх): бүх үргэлжлэх цагийг үүсгэнэ
to DO (хийх): энгийн өнгөрсөн, энгийн одоо цагуудыг үүсгэнэ
to HAVE (-тай байх): бүх төгсөх цагийг үүсгэнэ
to WILL (хүсэх): бүх ирээдүй цагийг үүсгэнэ

*Энэ дөрвөн үг нь туслах үгээр орж байхдаа дээрх хаалтанд байгаа үндсэн утгуудаа гээнэ.

Active 16 tenses

	Past	Present	Future	Future in the past
Simple	did (V-ed)	do/does (V-[e]s)	will/[shall] (V)	would/should (V)
	+  He wrote an essay yesterday. - He didn’t write an essay. ?  Did he write an essay?	+ He writes an essay everyday. - He doesn’t write an essay. ? Does he write an essay?	+ He will write an essay tomorrow. - He won’t write an essay. ? Will he write an essay?	+ He would write an essay (if…). - He wouldn’t write an essay. ? Would he write an essay.
Continuous	was/were (V-ing)	am/is/are (V-ing)	will be (V-ing)	would be (V-ing)
	+ He was writing an essay at 5     o’clock yesterday. - He wasn’t writing an essay. ? Was he writing an essay?	+ He is writing an essay right now. - He isn’t writing an essay. ? Is he writing an essay?	+ He will be writing an essay at 5 o’clock tomorrow. - He won’t be writing an essay. ? Will he be writing an essay?	+ He would be writing an essay (if ...). - He wouldn’t be writing an essay. ? Would he be writing an essay?
Perfect	had (PII)	have/has (PII)	will have (PII)	would have (PII)
	+ He had written an essay before he went out. - He hadn’t written an essay.. ? Had he written an essay…?	+ He has written an essay just 5 minutes ago. - He hasn’t written an essay. ? Has he written an essay?	+ He will have written an essay by tomorrow. - He won’t have written an essay. ? Will he have written an essay?	+ He would have written an essay (if.). - He wouldn’t have written an essay. ? Would he have written an essay?
Perfect continuous	had been (V-ing)	have/has been (V-ing)	will have been (V-ing)	would have been (V-ing)
	+ He had been writing an essay      when I came in (for 2 hours). - He hadn’t been writing an essay. ? Had he been writing an essay?	+ He has been writing an essay   from 2pm till now (for 2 hours). - He hasn’t been writing an essay. ? Has he been writing an essay?	+ He will have been writing an essay when Sue comes (for 2hrs). - He won’t have been writing an essay. ? Will he have been writing an essay?	+ He would have been writing an essay (if….). - He wouldn’t have been writing an essay. ? Would he have been writing an essay?

Passive 10 tenses (to be + PII)

	Past	Present	Future	Future in the past
Simple	Was/were (PII)	Am/is/are (PII)	will/[shall] be (PII)	would/should be (PII)
	+ The essay was written by him yesterday. -The essay wasn’t written(by him). ?  Was the essay written (by him)?	+The essays are written by him everyday. -The essays aren’t written(by him). ? Are the essays written (by him)?	+The essay will be written by him. - The essay won’t be written by him. ? Will the essay be written (by him)?	+ The essay would be written by him (if…) - The essay wouldn’t be written (by him). ? Would the essay be written (by him)?
Continuous	was/were being (PII)	am/is/are being (PII)
	+ The essay was being written by him. - The essay wasn’t being written. ? Was the essay being written?	+ The essay is being written by him. - The essay isn’t being written. ? Is the essay being written?
Perfect	had been (PII)	have/has been (PII)	will have been (PII)	would have been (PII)
	+ The essay had been written by him before we went out. - The essay hadn’t been written... ? Had the essay been written?	+ The essay has been written just 5 minutes ago. - The essay hasn’t been written... ? Has the essay been written?	+ The essay will have been written by him. - The essay won’t have been written... ? Will  the essay have been written?	+ The essay would have been written by him. - The essay wouldn’t have been written... ? Would  the essay have been written?

By Erdenesuvd D.